What does the term "short selling" refer to?

The term "short selling" refers specifically to the practice of selling borrowed shares of stock with the expectation that the price will decline. In this strategy, an investor borrows shares from another party (often a brokerage), sells those shares on the open market at the current price, and then aims to repurchase the shares later at a lower price to return to the lender. The difference between the selling price and the repurchase price represents the investor's profit.

This strategy hinges on the expectation of a price drop; if the price decreases as anticipated, the short seller can buy back the shares at a lower cost, resulting in a gain. Conversely, if the price rises, the short seller faces the risk of greater losses, as the obligation remains to return the borrowed shares regardless of the market price at the time of repurchase.

Understanding the mechanics and risks of short selling is vital for anyone engaged in trading and investment practices. It is a sophisticated strategy that requires careful analysis and risk management due to the potential for unlimited losses if the stock price continues to rise.